Breeding My Brothers Bride by Deanna Cox Read Online Free

Folk tale

Cinderella
Alexander Zick illustrated Cinderella with the Doves, inspired by the Brothers Grimm'southward version.
Folk tale
Name	Cinderella
Data
Aarne–Thompson grouping	ATU 510 A (Persecuted Heroine)
Land	Egypt (oral) [1] Italy (literary) [ane]
Region	Eurasia

"Cinderella",^[2] or "The Lilliputian Glass Slipper", is a folk tale with thousands of variants throughout the world.^{[3] [4]} The protagonist is a young woman living in forsaken circumstances that are suddenly inverse to remarkable fortune, with her rising to the throne via spousal relationship. The story of Rhodopis, recounted by the Greek geographer Strabo quondam between around vii BC and AD 23, about a Greek slave daughter who marries the rex of Egypt, is usually considered to be the primeval known variant of the Cinderella story.^{[3] [iv] [v]}

The first literary European version of the story was published in Italian republic by Giambattista Basile in his Pentamerone in 1634; the version that is at present near widely known in the English-speaking globe was published in French past Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé in 1697.^[vi] Another version was afterward published by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms' Fairy Tales in 1812.

Although the story'south title and master graphic symbol's name change in unlike languages, in English-language folklore Cinderella is an archetypal proper name. The word Cinderella has, past analogy, come to mean one whose attributes were unrecognized: ane who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect. The withal-pop story of Cinderella continues to influence pop culture internationally, lending plot elements, allusions, and tropes to a wide multifariousness of media.

Ancient versions [edit]

European [edit]

Rhodopis [edit]

The oldest known oral version of the Cinderella story is the ancient Greek story of Rhodopis,^{[5] [seven]} a Greek courtesan living in the colony of Naucratis in Egypt, whose name means "Rosy-Cheeks". The story is first recorded by the Greek geographer Strabo in his Geographica (volume 17, 33): "When she was bathing, an eagle snatched one of her sandals from her maid and carried it to Memphis; and while the king was administering justice in the open up air, the eagle, when information technology arrived in a higher place his head, flung the sandal into his lap; and the male monarch, stirred both by the beautiful shape of the sandal and by the strangeness of the occurrence, sent men in all directions into the land in quest of the woman who wore the sandal; and when she was found in the metropolis of Naucratis, she was brought up to Memphis, and became the wife of the male monarch."^[eight]

The aforementioned story is likewise later reported by the Roman orator Aelian (c.  175–c.  235) in his Miscellaneous History, which was written entirely in Greek. Aelian's story closely resembles the story told past Strabo, only adds that the proper name of the pharaoh in question was Psammetichus.^{[a] [nine]} Aelian'south account indicates that the story of Rhodopis remained popular throughout antiquity.

Herodotus, some 5 centuries before Strabo, records a pop legend nigh a mayhap related courtesan named Rhodopis in his Histories,^{[x] : 27} claiming that she came from Thrace, was the slave of Iadmon of Samos and a swain-slave of the story-teller Aesop, was taken to Arab republic of egypt in the time of Pharaoh Amasis, and freed in that location for a big sum by Charaxus of Mytilene, brother of Sappho the lyric poet.^{[10] : 27–28 [11]}

The resemblance of the shoe-testing of Rhodopis with Cinderella's slipper has already been noted in the 19th century, by Edgar Taylor^[12] and Reverend Sabine Baring-Gould.^[13]

Aspasia of Phocaea [edit]

A 2nd predecessor for the Cinderella character, hailing from late Antiquity, may exist Aspasia of Phocaea. Her story is told in Aelian'due south Varia Storia: lost her mother in early childhood and raised past her father, Aspasia, despite living in poverty, has dreamt of meeting a noble human being. As she dozes off, the girl has a vision of a dove transforming into a adult female, who instructs her on how to remove a physical imperfection and restore her own beauty. In another episode, she and other courtesans are fabricated to attend a feast hosted by Persian regent Cyrus the Younger. During the banquet, the Persian King sets his sights on Aspasia herself and ignores the other women.^{[xiv] [15]}

Le Fresne [edit]

The 12th-century AD lai of Le Fresne ("The Ash-Tree Girl"), retold by Marie de France, is a variant of the "Cinderella" story^{[10] : 41} in which a wealthy noblewoman abandons her infant girl at the base of operations of an ash tree exterior a nunnery with a ring and brocade every bit tokens of her identity^{[10] : 41} because she is one of twin sisters^{[x] : 41} —the mother fears that she will exist defendant of adultery^{[10] : 41} (according to popular belief, twins were prove of ii dissimilar fathers).^[16] The infant is discovered by the porter, who names her Fresne, meaning "Ash Tree",^{[x] : 41} and she is raised past the nuns.^{[10] : 41} Afterward she has attained maturity, a young nobleman sees her and becomes her lover.^{[10] : 41} The nobleman, however, is forced to marry a adult female of noble birth.^{[x] : 41} Fresne accepts that she volition never ally her beloved^{[10] : 41} but waits in the wedding bedchamber as a handmaiden.^{[10] : 41} She covers the bed with her own brocade^{[ten] : 41} but, unbeknownst to her, her dear'south bride is actually her twin sis,^{[x] : 41} and her mother recognizes the brocade equally the same one she had given to the daughter she had abandoned so many years before.^{[10] : 41} Fresne'southward true parentage is revealed^{[ten] : 41} and, as a event of her noble birth, she is allowed to marry her honey,^{[ten] : 41} while her twin sister is married to a different nobleman.^{[10] : 41}

Ċiklemfusa from Republic of malta [edit]

The Maltese Cinderella is named Ċiklemfusa. She is portrayed every bit an orphaned kid in her early on babyhood. Before his death, her father gave her three magical objects: a anecdote, a nut and an almond. She used to work every bit a servant in the King'due south palace. Nobody ever took notice of the poor girl. One 24-hour interval she heard of a large ball and with the assist of a magical spell turned herself into a beautiful princess. The prince fell in honey with her and gave her a ring. On the following night the Prince gave her a diamond and on the third nighttime he gave her a ring with a big gem on information technology. By the stop of the brawl Ċiklemfusa would run away hiding herself in the cellars of the Palace. She knew that the Prince was very sad well-nigh her disappearance so ane solar day she made some krustini (typical Maltese biscuits) for him and hid the three gifts in each of them. When the Prince ate the biscuits he establish the gifts he had given to the mysterious Princess and soon realized the huge fault he had made of ignoring Ċiklemfusa because of her poor looks. They before long fabricated matrimony arrangements and she became his wife.^{[17] [18] [19]}

Outside Europe [edit]

Ye Xian [edit]

The tale of Ye Xian commencement appeared in Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang written by Duan Chengshi effectually 860.^[20] In this version, Ye Xian is the daughter of the local tribal leader who died when she was young. Because her mother died before her male parent, she is now under the care of her begetter's 2d wife, who abused her. She befriends a fish, which is the reincarnation of her deceased mother.^[twenty] Her stepmother and half-sister kill the fish, but Ye Xian finds the bones, which are magical, and they assistance her dress appropriately for a local Festival, including a very light golden shoe.^[twenty] Her stepfamily recognizes her at the festival, causing her to flee and accidentally lose the shoe. Afterwards, the king of some other bounding main island obtains the shoe and is curious about it as no ane has feet that tin fit the shoe. The Male monarch searches everywhere and finally reaches Ye'southward firm, where she tries on the shoe. The king realises she is the ane and takes her back to his kingdom. Her brutal stepmother and one-half-sister are killed by flying rocks.^[21] Variants of the story are also plant in many ethnic groups in China.^[xx]

Tam and Cam [edit]

The Story of Tam and Cam, from Vietnam, is similar to the Chinese version. The heroine Tấm also had a fish that was killed by the stepmother and the half-sister, and its bones as well give her clothes.^[22] Later after marrying the male monarch, Tấm was killed by her stepmother and sis, and reincarnated several times in course of a bird, a loom and a "golden apple". She finally reunited with the king and lived happily ever after.

Other Asian versions [edit]

There exists a Cambodian version (called "Khmer" by the collectors) with the name Néang Kantoc.^[23] Its collectors compared information technology to the Vietnamese story of Tam and Cam.^[24]

Another version was collected from the Cham people of Southeast Asia, with the proper name La Sandale d'Or ("The Gilt Sandal") or Conte de demoiselles Hulek et Kjong ("The tale of the ladies Hulek and Kjong").^[25]

20th century folktale collector Kenichi Mizusawa published an analysis of Japanese variants of Cinderella, separating them into two types: "Nukabuku, Komebuku" (virtually rival stride-sisters) and "Ubagawa" (about the heroine'south disguise).^[26]

Ane Thousand and One Nights [edit]

Several dissimilar variants of the story appear in the medieval G and One Nights, also known as the Arabian Nights, including "The 2d Shaykh's Story", "The Eldest Lady'southward Tale" and "Abdallah ibn Fadil and His Brothers", all dealing with the theme of a younger sibling harassed by two jealous elders. In some of these, the siblings are female, while in others, they are male person. One of the tales, "Judar and His Brethren", departs from the happy endings of previous variants and reworks the plot to give it a tragic ending instead, with the younger brother beingness poisoned by his elderberry brothers.^[27]

Literary versions [edit]

The starting time European version written in prose was published in Naples, Italian republic, by Giambattista Basile, in his Pentamerone (1634). The story itself was set up in the Kingdom of Naples, at that time the most important political and cultural center of Southern Italy and among the most influential capitals in Europe, and written in the Neapolitan dialect. Information technology was subsequently retold, forth with other Basile tales, by Charles Perrault in Histoires ou contes du temps passé (1697),^{[half dozen]} and by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms' Fairy Tales (1812).

The proper noun "Cenerentola" comes from the Italian give-and-take "cenere" (ash, cinder). It has to practice with the fact that servants and scullions were usually soiled with ash at that fourth dimension, because of their cleaning work and also because they had to live in common cold basements so they unremarkably tried to get warm by sitting close to the fireplace.

Cenerentola, by Basile [edit]

Giambattista Basile, a Neapolitan writer, soldier and government official, assembled a set of oral folk tales into a written collection titled Lo cunto de li cunti (The Story of Stories), or Pentamerone. Information technology included the tale of Cenerentola, which features a wicked stepmother and evil stepsisters, magical transformations, a missing slipper, and a hunt by a monarch for the owner of the slipper. It was published posthumously in 1634.

Plot:

A prince has a daughter, Zezolla (tonnie) (the Cinderella figure), who is tended by a beloved governess. The governess, with Zezolla's help, persuades the prince to marry her. The governess and then brings forward six daughters of her ain, who abuse Zezolla (tonnie), and send her into the kitchen to work as a retainer. The prince goes to the isle of Sinia, meets a fairy who gives presents to his daughter, and brings back for her: a gilded spade, a golden saucepan, a silken napkin, and a date bulb. The girl cultivates the tree, and when the king hosts a ball, Zezolla appears dressed richly by a fairy living in the date tree. The king falls in beloved with her, just Zezolla runs away before he can find out who she is. Twice Zezolla escapes the king and his servants. The third time, the king'south retainer captures one of her slippers. The king invites all of the maidens in the country to a ball with a shoe-test, identifies Zezolla (tonnie) afterwards the shoe jumps from his hand to her foot, and eventually marries her.^[28]

Cendrillon ou la petite pantoufle de verre, by Perrault [edit]

I of the nigh pop versions of Cinderella was written in French by Charles Perrault in 1697, under the proper name Cendrillon ou la petite pantoufle de verre. The popularity of his tale was due to his additions to the story, including the pumpkin, the fairy-godmother and the introduction of "glass" slippers.^[29]

Plot:

A wealthy widower has a beautiful young daughter, a daughter of unparalleled kindness and sweet temper. The gentleman marries a proud and haughty woman as his second married woman. She has two daughters, who are every bit vain and selfish. The girl is forced into servitude by her stepmother, where she is fabricated to piece of work solar day and night doing menial chores. After the girl'southward chores are done for the day, she curls upwards near the fireplace in an effort to stay warm. She often arises covered in ashes, giving ascension to the mocking nickname "Cendrillon" (Cinderella) by her stepsisters. Cinderella bears the abuse patiently and does not tell her male parent, who would accept scolded her.

Ane day, the prince invites all the people in the land to a royal brawl. The two stepsisters gleefully plan their wardrobes for the brawl, and taunt Cinderella past telling her that maids aren't invited to the ball.

As the ii stepsisters and the stepmother depart to the brawl, Cinderella cries in despair. Her Fairy godmother magically appears and immediately begins to transform Cinderella from firm servant to the young lady she was by nativity, all in the effort to get Cinderella to the brawl. She turns a pumpkin into a aureate carriage, mice into horses, a rat into a coachman, and lizards into footmen. She then turns Cinderella's rags into a beautiful jeweled gown, consummate with a delicate pair of glass slippers. The Fairy Godmother tells her to enjoy the ball, but warns her that she must return before midnight, when the spells volition be broken.

At the ball, the entire courtroom is entranced past Cinderella, especially the Prince. At this kickoff ball, Cinderella remembers to get out before midnight. Dorsum dwelling house, Cinderella graciously cheers her Fairy Godmother. She then innocently greets the 2 stepsisters, who had not recognized her before, and talk of zero but the beautiful daughter at the ball.

Another brawl is held the next evening, and Cinderella again attends with her Fairy Godmother'due south assistance. The prince has get even more infatuated with the mysterious adult female at the ball, and Cinderella in turn becomes so enchanted by him she loses track of time and leaves only at the final stroke of midnight, losing 1 of her glass slippers on the steps of the palace in her haste. The Prince chases her, simply outside the palace, the guards encounter merely a simple country girl go out. The prince pockets the slipper and vows to detect and ally the daughter to whom information technology belongs. Meanwhile, Cinderella keeps the other slipper, which does not disappear when the spell is cleaved.

The prince'due south herald tries the slipper on all the women in the kingdom. When the herald arrives at Cinderella's home, the 2 stepsisters try in vain to win him over. Cinderella asks if she may endeavour, merely the two stepsisters taunt her. Naturally, the slipper fits perfectly, and Cinderella produces the other slipper for good measure out. Cinderella's stepfamily pleads for forgiveness, and Cinderella agrees. Cinderella had hoped her step-family would love her always. Cinderella marries the prince and forgives her two stepsisters, then marrying them off to ii wealthy noblemen of the courtroom. They all lived happily e'er later.^[30]

The first moral of the story is that beauty is a treasure, simply graciousness is priceless. Without it, aught is possible; with it, one can practise anything.^[31]

Withal, the second moral of the story mitigates the offset one and reveals the criticism that Perrault is aiming at: That "without doubt it is a great advantage to accept intelligence, backbone, skilful breeding, and common sense. These, and similar talents come just from sky, and it is proficient to accept them. However, fifty-fifty these may neglect to bring you lot success, without the blessing of a godfather or a godmother."^[31]

• 

  Charles Robinson illustrated Cinderella in the kitchen (1900), from Tales of Passed Times with stories by Charles Perrault.

• 

  Oliver Herford illustrated Cinderella with the Fairy Godmother, inspired past Perrault'due south version.

• 

  Cinderella or Cendrillon in French. Gustave Doré's illustration for Cendrillon, 1867

• 

  The fitting with the prince onlooking, illustration in Les Contes de Perrault by Gustave Doré, 1862

Aschenputtel, by the Brothers Grimm [edit]

Another well-known version was recorded past the German brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the 19th century. The tale is chosen "Aschenputtel" ["The Piffling Ash Girl"] or "Cinderella" in English translations). This version is much more than trigger-happy than that of Charles Perrault and Disney, in that Cinderella'south father has non died and the two stepsisters mutilate their feet to fit in the golden slipper. There is no fairy godmother in this version of the Brothers Grimm, but rather help comes from a wishing tree that the heroine planted on her deceased mother's grave when she recites a certain chant. In the second edition of their drove (1819), the Brothers Grimm supplemented the original 1812 version with a coda in which the ii stepsisters suffer a bloody and terrible penalization by the princess Cinderella, who tin become very dangerous when she is angry, for their cruelty.^{[32] [33]}

Plot:

A plague infests a village, and a wealthy gentleman's wife lies on her deathbed. She calls for her but daughter, and tells her to remain good and kind, as God would protect her. She then dies and is cached. The child visits her mother's grave every day to grieve and a year goes by. The gentleman marries another adult female with 2 older daughters from a previous spousal relationship. They have beautiful faces and fair skin, but their hearts are savage and wicked. The stepsisters steal the daughter'due south fine clothes and jewels and force her to wearable rags. They banish her into the kitchen, and give her the nickname "Aschenputtel" ("Ashfool"). She is forced to practice all kinds of hard work from dawn to dusk for the sisters. The vicious sisters exercise nothing simply mock her and make her chores harder by creating messes. Nonetheless, despite all of it, the daughter remains skillful and kind, and regularly visits her mother's grave to weep and pray to God that she volition come across her circumstances ameliorate.

One mean solar day the gentleman visits a fair, promising his stepdaughters gifts of luxury. The eldest asks for beautiful dresses, while the younger for pearls and diamonds. His own girl merely begs for the first twig to knock his chapeau off on the fashion. The gentleman goes on his fashion, and acquires presents for his stepdaughters. While passing a wood he gets a hazel twig, and gives information technology to his daughter. She plants the twig over her mother'due south grave, waters information technology with her tears and over the years, it grows into a glowing hazel tree. The girl prays under it three times a day, and a white bird always comes to her every bit she prays. She tells her wishes to the bird, and every fourth dimension the bird throws down to her what she has wished for.

The king decides to proclaim a festival that will terminal for three days and invites all the beautiful maidens in that country to attend so that the prince can select one of them for his bride. The 2 sisters are also invited, but when Aschenputtel begs them to allow her to become with them into the celebration, the stepmother refuses because she has no decent dress nor shoes to wear. When the girl insists, the woman throws a dish of lentils into the ashes for her to pick up, guaranteeing her permission to nourish the festival if she can clean up the lentils in 2 hours. When the girl accomplished the task in less than an hr with the help of a flock of white doves that came when she sang a certain chant, the stepmother just redoubles the task and throws down even a greater quantity of lentils. When Aschenputtel is able to accomplish it in a greater speed, not wanting to spoil her daughters' chances, the stepmother hastens abroad with her husband and daughters to the commemoration and leaves the crying stepdaughter behind.

Cinderella prays to the tree and the little birds provide her a beautiful dress. Art past Elenore Abbott.

The girl retreats to the graveyard and asks to be clothed in silver and gilt. The white bird drops a gold and argent gown and silk shoes. She goes to the banquet. The prince dances with her all the time, challenge her as his dance partner whenever a gentleman asks for her hand, and when sunset comes she asks to exit. The prince escorts her dwelling house, but she eludes him and jumps inside the manor's pigeon coop. The begetter came dwelling alee of fourth dimension and the prince asks him to chop the pigeon coop down, but Aschenputtel has already escaped from the back, to the graveyard to the hazel tree to return her fine clothes. The father finds her asleep in the kitchen hearth, and suspects nothing. The next twenty-four hour period, the daughter appears in grander clothes. The prince again dances with her the whole 24-hour interval, and when nighttime came, the prince accompanies her habitation. Withal, she climbs a pear tree in the dorsum garden to escape him. The prince calls her male parent who chops down the tree, wondering if it could be Aschenputtel, just Aschenputtel was already in the kitchen when the father arrives home. The tertiary 24-hour interval, she appears dressed in thou finery, with slippers of gold. Now the prince is determined to proceed her, and has the entire stairway smeared with pitch. Aschenputtel, in her haste to elude the prince, loses one of her gilt slippers on that pitch. The prince picks the slipper and proclaims that he volition marry the maiden whose pes fits the golden slipper.

The side by side morning, the prince goes to Aschenputtel's business firm and tries the slipper on the eldest stepsister. Since she will have no more need to go on pes when she will exist queen, the sis was advised past her mother to cut off her toes to fit the slipper. While riding with the stepsister, the two magic doves from sky tell the prince that blood drips from her human foot. Appalled past her treachery, he goes dorsum again and tries the slipper on the other stepsister. She cut off part of her heel to get her human foot in the slipper, and again the prince is fooled. While riding with her to the king's castle, the doves alert him again most the blood on her human foot. He comes dorsum to inquire about another daughter. The gentleman tells him that his dead married woman left a "dirty little Cinderella" in the house, omitting to mention that she is his ain daughter, and that she is besides filthy to be seen, but the prince asks him to permit her try on the slipper. Aschenputtel appears afterward washing clean her confront and hands, and when she puts on the slipper, which fitted her like a glove, the prince recognizes her as the stranger with whom he has danced at the festival, fifty-fifty before trying information technology. To the stepmother and the two limping sisters horror, Aschenputtel produced the other pair from her pocket. Both the parents and the two sisters tried to dissuade the prince, telling him that Aschenputtel is only a servant- girl, but the prince put her before him on his horse and rode off to the palace. While passing the hazel tree the two magic doves from sky declare Aschenputtel as the true bride of the prince, and remained on her shoulders, i on the left and the other on the right.

In a coda added in the second edition of 1819, during Aschenputtel's royal wedding, the false stepsisters had hoped to worm their manner into her favour equally the future queen, but this time they don't escape their princess' silent rage whom she kept to herself until that day. Equally she walks down the aisle with her stepsisters equally her bridesmaids, Aschenputtel's doves flew off her shoulder and struck the two stepsisters' eyes, 1 in the left and the other in the correct. It is their final take a chance of redemption, but since they are desperate to win the new princess' affections, they go through the ceremony, and when the wedding comes to an end, and Aschenputtel and her beloved prince march out of the church, her doves wing over again, promptly striking the remaining optics of the two evil sisters blind, a truly awful comeuppance they have to endure. Thus, complimentary from abuse and enslavement, Aschenputtel leaves her family forever to be a queen with her beloved prince, and the stepsisters lived their lives as blind beggars, while her father and stepmother died of disgrace.^[34]

Plot variations and culling tellings [edit]

Folklorists have long studied variants on this tale across cultures. In 1893, Marian Roalfe Cox, deputed past the Folklore Club of Britain, produced Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-Five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin and, Cap o'Rushes, Abstracted and Tabulated with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes. Farther morphology studies take continued on this seminal piece of work.^[35]

Joseph Jacobs has attempted to reconstruct the original tale equally The Cinder Maid by comparing the common features among hundreds of variants nerveless across Europe.^[36] The Aarne–Thompson–Uther system classifies Cinderella as type 510A, "Persecuted Heroine". Others of this blazon include The Abrupt Grey Sheep; The Golden Slipper; The Story of Tam and Cam; Rushen Coatie; The Wonderful Birch; Fair, Dark-brown and Trembling; and Katie Woodencloak.^{[37] [x] : 24–26}

The magical assistance [edit]

International versions lack the fairy godmother nowadays in the famous Perrault's tale. Instead, the donor is her mother, incarnated into an fauna (if she is dead) or transformed into a cow (if alive). In other versions, the helper is an animal, such as a cow, a bull, a pike, or a saint or angel.^[38] The bovine helper appears in some Greek versions, in "the Balkan-Slavonic tradition of the tale", and in some Central Asian variants. The mother-every bit-moo-cow is killed past the heroine's sisters, her bones gathered and from her grave the heroine gets the wonderful dresses.^[39]

Professor Sigrid Schmidt stated that "a typical scene" in Kapmalaien (Cape Malays) tales is the mother becoming a fish, existence eaten in fish form, the girl burying her bones and a tree sprouting from her grave.^[40]

Professor Gražina Skabeikytė-Kazlauskienė recognizes that the fish, the cow, even a female domestic dog (in other variants), these animals represent "the [heroine's] mother's legacy".^[41] Jack Zipes, commenting on a Sicilian variant, ended much the aforementioned: Cinderella is helped by her mother "in the guise of doves, fairies, and godmothers".^[42]

Villains [edit]

Although many variants of Cinderella characteristic the wicked stepmother, the defining trait of type 510A is a female persecutor: in Fair, Brown and Trembling and Finette Cendron, the stepmother does not announced at all, and it is the older sisters who confine her to the kitchen. In other fairy tales featuring the ball, she was driven from dwelling past the persecutions of her begetter, usually because he wished to marry her. Of this type (510B) are Cap O' Rushes, Catskin, All-Kinds-of-Fur, and Allerleirauh, and she slaves in the kitchen because she establish a job in that location.^[43] In Katie Woodencloak, the stepmother drives her from abode, and she as well finds such a job.^[44]

In La Cenerentola, Gioachino Rossini inverted the sexual practice roles: Cenerentola is mistreated by her stepfather. (This makes the opera Aarne-Thompson type 510B.) He also fabricated the economical basis for such hostility unusually articulate, in that Don Magnifico wishes to brand his own daughters' dowries larger, to concenter a grander match, which is impossible if he must provide a third dowry. Folklorists frequently interpret the hostility between the stepmother and stepdaughter as simply such a contest for resources, simply seldom does the tale make it clear.^[45]

In some retellings, at least one stepsister is somewhat kind to Cinderella and second guesses the Stepmother's handling. This is seen in Ever Subsequently, the two direct-to-video sequels to Walt Disney's 1950 film, and the 2013 Broadway musical.

• 

  The stepsisters, 1865 edition of Cinderella

• 

  Cinderella Dressing Her Sisters, Aunt Friendly's Souvenir, 1890

• 

  Stepsisters from Journeys through Bookland, 1922

• 

  The stepsisters, illustration in The fairy tales of Charles Perrault by Harry Clarke, 1922

Ball, ballgown, and curfew [edit]

The number of balls varies, sometimes one, sometimes two, and sometimes three. The fairy godmother is Perrault's own addition to the tale.^[46] The person who aided Cinderella (Aschenputtel) in the Grimms's version is her dead mother. Aschenputtel requests her aid past praying at her grave, on which a tree is growing. Helpful doves roosting in the tree shake down the clothing she needs for the ball. This motif is found in other variants of the tale as well, such as in the Finnish The Wonderful Birch. Playwright James Lapine incorporated this motif into the Cinderella plotline of the musical Into the Wood. Giambattista Basile'southward Cenerentola combined them; the Cinderella figure, Zezolla, asks her father to commend her to the Dove of Fairies and ask her to send her something, and she receives a tree that volition provide her clothing. Other variants accept her helped past talking animals, as in Katie Woodencloak, Rushen Coatie, Bawang Putih Bawang Merah, The Story of Tam and Cam, or The Precipitous Greyness Sheep—these animals often having some connection with her dead mother; in The Golden Slipper, a fish aids her later she puts information technology in water. In "The Anklet", it'southward a magical alabaster pot the girl purchased with her ain money that brings her the gowns and the anklets she wears to the brawl. Gioachino Rossini, having agreed to exercise an opera based on Cinderella if he could omit all magical elements, wrote La Cenerentola, in which she was aided by Alidoro, a philosopher and formerly the Prince's tutor.

The midnight curfew is also absent in many versions; Cinderella leaves the ball to get dwelling before her stepmother and stepsisters, or she is merely tired. In the Grimms' version, Aschenputtel slips away when she is tired, hiding on her father'south estate in a tree, then the pigeon coop, to elude her pursuers; her father tries to take hold of her by chopping them downwardly, but she escapes.^[47]

• 

  Fairy Godmother, Walter Crane, 1897

• 

  Cinderella and the Fairy Godmother past Kate Abelmann, 1913

• 

  Ballgown Cinderella, illustration in The fairy tales of Charles Perrault by Harry Clarke, 1922

• 

  At the ball, 1865 edition

• 

  Hurrying out, 1865 edition

• 

Identifying item [edit]

The slipper left behind, illustration in The fairy tales of Charles Perrault past Harry Clarke, 1922

The drinking glass slipper is unique to Charles Perrault'south version and its derivatives; in other versions of the tale information technology may exist made of other materials (in the version recorded by the Brothers Grimm, High german: Aschenbroedel and Aschenputtel, for instance, it is gold) and in notwithstanding other tellings, it is not a slipper but an anklet, a ring, or a bracelet that gives the prince the key to Cinderella's identity. In Rossini's opera "La Cenerentola" ("Cinderella"), the slipper is replaced by twin bracelets to bear witness her identity. In the Finnish variant The Wonderful Birch the prince uses tar to gain something every brawl, and so has a ring, a circlet, and a pair of slippers. Some interpreters, peradventure troubled by sartorial impracticalities, have suggested that Perrault's "glass slipper" (pantoufle de verre) had been a "squirrel fur slipper" (pantoufle de vair) in some unidentified before version of the tale, and that Perrault or one of his sources confused the words; however, most scholars believe the glass slipper was a deliberate piece of poetic invention on Perrault's function.^{[48] [b]} Nabokov has Professor Pnin assert every bit fact that "Cendrillon's shoes were not made of glass but of Russian squirrel fur – vair, in French".^[50] The 1950 Disney adaptation takes advantage of the slipper being fabricated of glass to add together a twist whereby the slipper is shattered just before Cinderella has the take a chance to endeavor it on, leaving her with but the matching slipper with which to show her identity.

Revelation [edit]

In many variants of the tale, the prince is told that Cinderella can non possibly be the one, as she is too dirty and ragged. Oft, this is said by the stepmother or stepsisters. In the Grimms' version, both the stepmother and the father urge it.^[51] The prince nevertheless insists on her trying. Cinderella arrives and proves her identity by plumbing equipment into the slipper or other item (in some cases she has kept the other).

• 

  Stepsister trying the slipper, analogy in The fairy tales of Charles Perrault by Harry Clarke, 1922

• 

  The prince pleading for Cinderella to try the shoe, illustration in The fairy tales of Charles Perrault by Harry Clarke, 1922

• 

  Trying on the Slipper, Sarah Noble Ives, c.  1912

• 

  Cinderella trying on the slipper, 1865 edition

• 

  Dean & Son's Cinderella "surprise book" with moving images, c.  1875

• 

  Illustration past Carl Offterdinger, late 19th century

• 

  Finding that the slipper fits, educational poster by Hans Printz, 1905

• 

  Trying the slipper, Askepot og Prinsen

Conclusion [edit]

According to Korean scholarship, Due east Asian versions of Cinderella "typically" continue every bit the heroine's stepmother replaces the Cinderella-similar character for her ain daughter, while the heroine goes through a bicycle of transormations.^[52] Such tales go along the fairy tale into what is in effect a second episode.

In The Yard Nights and A Dark, in a tale called "The Anklet",^[53] the stepsisters brand a comeback by using twelve magical hairpins to plow the bride into a dove on her wedding night. In The Wonderful Birch, the stepmother, a witch, manages to substitute her daughter for the truthful bride subsequently she has given birth.

• 

  Part two of Dean & Son'due south Cinderella, 1875

• 

  Happy ending

• 

  In the German version the stepsisters' eyes get pecked out by the princess' birds

Works based on the Cinderella story [edit]

Works based on the story of Cinderella include:

Opera and ballet [edit]

• Cendrillon (1749) past Jean-Louis Laruette
• Cendrillon (1810) by Nicolas Isouard, libretto by Charles-Guillaume Étienne
• Agatina, o la virtù premiata [it] (1814) past Stefano Pavesi
• La Cenerentola (1817) by Gioachino Rossini
• Cinderella (1893) by Baron Boris Vietinghoff-Scheel
• Cendrillon (1894–95) by Jules Massenet, libretto by Henri Caïn
• Aschenbrödel (1901) by Johann Strauss II, adapted and completed by Josef Bayer^[54]
• Cinderella (1901–02) by Gustav Holst
• La Cenerentola (1902) by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
• Cendrillon (1904) by Pauline García-Viardot
• Aschenbrödel (1905) by Leo Blech, libretto past Richard Batka
• Das Märchen vom Aschenbrödel (1941) by Frank Martin
• Soluschka or Cinderella (1945) by Sergei Prokofiev
• La Cenicienta (1966) by Jorge Peña Hen
• Cinderella, a "pantomime opera" (1979) past Peter Maxwell Davies
• Cinderella (1980) past Paul Reade
• Cinderella (1997) by Matthew Bourne taking place in 1940 London using the music of Sergei Prokofiev
• My First Cinderella (2013) directed by George Williamson and Loipa Araújo
• Cinderella (2015) past 10-year-old composer prodigy Alma Deutscher^[55]

Theatre [edit]

In 1804 Cinderella was presented at Drury Lane Theatre, London, described equally "A new One thousand Allegorical Pantomimic Spectacle" though it was very far in style and content from the modernistic pantomime. Yet, it included notable clown Joseph Grimaldi playing the role of a servant chosen Pedro, the ancestor of today's character Buttons.^[56] In 1820 Harlequin and Cinderella at the Theatre Imperial, Covent Garden had much of the modernistic story (taken from the opera La Cenerentola) by Rossini just was a Harlequinade again featuring Grimaldi.^[56] In 1830 Rophino Lacy used Rossini'south music merely with spoken dialogue in a comic opera with many of the master characters: the Businesswoman, the two stepsisters and Pedro the retainer all equally comic characters, plus a Fairy Queen instead of a magician.^[56] However it was the conversion of this via burlesque and rhyming couplets by Henry Byron that led to what was effectively the modern pantomime in both story and style at the Royal Strand Theatre in 1860: Cinderella! Or the Lover, the Lackey, and the Little Glass Slipper.^[56]

In the traditional pantomime version the opening scene takes identify in a wood with a chase in progress; here Cinderella first meets Prince Charming and his "right-hand man" Dandini, whose name and character come from Gioachino Rossini's opera (La Cenerentola). Cinderella mistakes Dandini for the Prince and the Prince for Dandini. Her father, Baron Hardup, is under the thumb of his two stepdaughters, the Ugly sisters, and has a retainer, Cinderella's friend Buttons. (Throughout the pantomime, the Baron is continually harassed by the Broker's Men (often named after current politicians) for outstanding hire. The Fairy Godmother must magically create a double-decker (from a pumpkin), footmen (from mice), a motorbus driver (from a frog), and a beautiful dress (from rags) for Cinderella to go to the ball. However, she must return by midnight, as it is so that the spell ceases.

Musicals [edit]

• Cinderella past Rodgers and Hammerstein was produced for television iii times and staged live in various productions. A version ran in 1958 at the London Coliseum with a cast including Tommy Steele, Yana, Jimmy Edwards, Kenneth Williams and Betty Marsden. This version was augmented with several other Rodgers and Hammerstein'southward songs plus a song written past Tommy Steele, "You and Me". In 2013, a Broadway production opened, with a new book past Douglas Carter Beane, and ran for 770 performances. In the acclaimed 2022 VTT production of Cinderella, Naomi Infeld volition be playing Anastasia.
• Mr. Cinders, a musical, opened at the Adelphi Theatre, London in 1929 and received a motion-picture show version in 1934.
• Cindy, a 1964 Off-Broadway musical, was composed by Johnny Brandon and has had many revivals.
• Into the Woods, a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book past James Lapine, includes Cinderella as one of the many fairy-tale characters in the plot. This is partly based on the Grimm Brothers' version of "Cinderella", including the enchanted birds, mother's grave, iii balls, and mutilation and blinding of the stepsisters. It opened on Broadway in 1987 and has had many revivals. In this film, Cinderella is actually the Bakery's ex-sis-in-law, since she married her prince and her prince's brother married Rapunzel, and the baker is Rapunzel's brother. After she divorced the prince she became Rapunzel and the Baker's ex-sister-in-police.
• Cinderella is a musical composed past Andrew Lloyd Webber that premieres in the West End in 2021.
• Cinderella This story taught the viewers to exist humble and be kind.

Films and television [edit]

Over the decades, hundreds of films accept been made that are either straight adaptations from Cinderella or have plots loosely based on the story.

Animation [edit]

• Aschenputtel (1922), a silhouette shadow play curt past Lotte Reiniger. The short silent movie uses exaggerated figures and has no groundwork, which creates a stark look. The film shows Aschenputtel'due south footstep-sisters graphically hacking their feet off to fit into the glass slipper.^[57]
• Cinderella (1922), an animated Laugh-O-Gram produced by Walt Disney, first released on half dozen December 1922. This flick was nearly 7 and half minutes long.^[58]
• Cinderella (1925), an blithe short pic directed by Walter Lantz, produced by Bray Studios Inc.^[59]
• A Kick for Cinderella (1925), an animated brusk moving-picture show directed by Bud Fisher, in the Mutt and Jeff serial of comic strip adaptations.^[59]
• Cinderella Blues (1931), a Van Beuren animated curt picture show featuring a feline version of the Cinderella graphic symbol.
• Poor Cinderella (1934), Fleischer Studios' first color cartoon and only appearance of Betty Boop in color during the Fleischer era.
• A Coach For Cinderella (1937) – Jam Handy, Cervolet advertizing^[60]
• A Ride For Cinderella (1937) – Jam Handy, Cervolet advertizing^[60]
• Cinderella Meets Fella (1938), a Merrie Melodies blithe brusque film featuring Egghead, the grapheme who would somewhen evolve into Elmer Fudd, as Prince Charming.^[61]
• Cinderella (1950), a Walt Disney animated feature released on 15 February 1950, now considered 1 of Disney's classics besides as the near well known motion picture adaptation, including incorporating the titular character as a Disney Princess and its franchise.
  • Cinderella 2: Dreams Come True (2002), a direct-to-video sequel to the 1950 film.
  • Cinderella Iii: A Twist in Time (2007), another direct-to-video sequel to the previous film.
• Ancient Fistory (1953) a Popeye parody animated curt film.
• Señorella and the Glass Huarache (1964), a Looney Tunes animated brusque film that transplants the story to a Mexican setting.
• Cinderella (1979), an animated short film based on Charles Perrault' s version of the fairy tale. Information technology was produced by the Soyuzmultfilm studio.
• Cinderella? Cinderella! (1986), an episode of Alvin & the Chipmunks. With Brittany of The Chipettes playing the role of Cinderella and Alvin playing the role of Prince Mannerly.
• Cinderella Monogatari (The Story of Cinderella) (1996), anime telly series produced by Tatsunoko Production.
• Cinderella and the Cloak-and-dagger Prince (2018), American animated film directed past Lynne Southerland.
• Cinderella the Cat (2017), Italian animated motion-picture show directed by Alessandro Rak

Cinderella at the ball in Soviet film (1947)

Non-English language live-activeness films and TV [edit]

• Cinderella (1899), the first film version, produced in France by Georges Méliès, every bit "Cendrillon".
• Mamele (1938) a Molly Picon vehicle fabricated past the prewar Warsaw Yiddish motion-picture show manufacture taking place in gimmicky Lodz.
• Cinderella (1947), a Soviet film based on the screenplay by Evgeny Schwartz, with Yanina Zhejmo in the leading office. Shot in black-and-white, it was colorized in 2009.
• Cinderella (1955), German film
• Sandalyas ni Zafira (lit. 'Sandals of Zafira', 1965), a Filipino fantasy picture partially based on Cinderella and starring Lyn D'Amour every bit Princess Zafira
• Sinderella Kül Kedisi (1971), a Turkish fantasy film based on Cinderella and starring Zeynep Değirmencioğlu as Cinderella.
• Iii Wishes for Cinderella (Tři oříšky pro Popelku) (1973), a Czechoslovakian/E German fairy tale movie starring Libuše Šafránková as Cinderella and Pavel Trávníček as Prince.^[62] Frequently shown, especially at Christmas time, in several European countries.
• Rani Aur Lalpari (lit. 'Rani and the Red Fairy'), a 1975 Indian children's fantasy film by Ravikant Nagaich features Cinderella every bit one of the characters - where she is portrayed by Neetu Singh.^[63]
• Cinderella 4×iv. Everything starts with desire (Zolushka 4x4. Vsyo nachinayetsya s zhelaniy) (2008), a Russian modernization featuring Darya Melnikova
• Cinderella (2006), a Korean horror film
• Cinderella's Stepsister (2010), a Korean television series
• Aschenputtel (2010 film) [de] , a German picture
• Aschenputtel (2011 movie) [de] , another German film
• Aik Nayee Cinderella (2013), a Pakistani modernization serial aired on Geo TV featuring Maya Ali and Osman Khalid Barrel

English language live-action characteristic films [edit]

• Cinderella (1911) silent film starring Florence La Badie^[64]
• Cinderella (1914), a silent moving picture starring Mary Pickford
• The Drinking glass Slipper (1955), characteristic film with Leslie Caron and Michael Wilding
• The Slipper and the Rose (1976), a British Sherman Brothers musical picture starring Gemma Craven and Richard Chamberlain.
• Into the Forest (2014), a live-activeness fairy-tale-themed adaptation of the above-mentioned homonymous musical, in which Anna Kendrick's Cinderella is a cardinal character.
• Cinderella (2015), a live-action retelling of the 1950 animated Disney film starring Lily James equally Cinderella, Cate Blanchett as Lady Tremaine, Cinderella's stepmother, Richard Madden as Kit, Prince Charming and Helena Bonham Carter as the Fairy Godmother. It is essentially a live-action reimagining of the 1950 animated flick.
• Cinderella (2021), a live-action pic musical starring Camila Cabello as Cinderella, Idina Menzel as Cinderella'southward stepmother, Nicholas Galitzine every bit the Prince, and Billy Porter equally the Fairy Godmother.

Modernizations and parodies

• Ella Cinders (1926), a modern tale starring Colleen Moore, based on a comic strip past William Thou. Conselman and Charles Plumb, inspired by Charles Perrault's version.
• Commencement Love (1939), a musical modernization with Deanna Durbin and Robert Stack.
• Cinderfella (1960), Cinderfella'south (Jerry Lewis) fairy godfather (Ed Wynn) helps him escape from his wicked stepmother (Judith Anderson) and stepbrothers.
• E'er After (1998), starring Drew Barrymore, a post-feminist, historical fiction take on the Cinderella story.
• Ella Enchanted (2004), a fantasy retelling featuring Anne Hathaway, which is based on the 1997 novel of the same proper name.
• A Cinderella Story (2004), a modernization featuring Hilary Duff and Republic of chad Michael Murray
  • Another Cinderella Story (2008), a modernization featuring Selena Gomez and Drew Seeley
  • A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Vocal (2011), a modernization featuring Lucy Hale and Freddie Stroma
  • A Cinderella Story: If the Shoe Fits (2016), a modernization featuring Sofia Carson and Thomas Law
  • A Cinderella Story: Christmas Wish (2019), a modernization featuring Laura Marano and Gregg Sulkin
  • A Cinderella Story: Starstruck (2021), a modernization featuring Bailee Madison and Michael Evans Behling
• Elle: A Mod Cinderella Tale (2010), a modernization featuring Ashlee Hewitt and Sterling Knight

English language linguistic communication live-action TV films and serial [edit]

• Cinderella (1957), a musical accommodation by Rodgers and Hammerstein written for television and starring Julie Andrews as Cinderella, featuring Jon Goose egg, Kaye Ballard, Alice Ghostley, and Edie Adams (originally circulate in color, simply simply black-and-white kinescopes survive).
• Cinderella (1965), a second production of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, starring 18-year-old Lesley Ann Warren in the leading role, and featuring Stuart Damon as the Prince, with Ginger Rogers, Walter Pidgeon, and Celeste Holm (filmed in color and circulate annually for 10 years).
• Hey, Cinderella! (1969), a television accommodation featuring The Muppets.
• Cindy (1978), This version of the Cinderella tale with an all-blackness bandage has Cinderella, who wants to ally a dashing ground forces officer, finding out that her male parent, who she thought had an important job at a large hotel, is actually the men's room attendant. Her wicked stepmother finds out, too, and complications ensue. Starred Charlayne Woodard.
• In 1985, Shelley Duvall produced a version of the story for Faerie Tale Theatre.
• The Charmings (1987), a spoof of Cinderella appears in the episode "Cindy'south Dorsum In Boondocks" where Cinderella, portrayed by Kim Johnston Ulrich, makes a play for Snowfall White'due south husband Prince Charming.
• Into the Wood (1989), a film of the original 1987 Broadway product of the Stephen Sondheim musical.
• Cinderella (1997), third product of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical, this time starring Brandy every bit Cinderella, Whitney Houston as the Fairy Godmother, Bernadette Peters as Cinderella'due south evil stepmother, Jason Alexander as Lionel the valet and Whoopi Goldberg every bit the Queen. Remake of the 1957 and 1965 Idiot box films.
• Cinderella, a British TV modernization featuring Marcella Plunkett as Cinderella, Kathleen Turner as the stepmother and Jane Birkin every bit the fairy godmother.
• The 10th Kingdom (2000) is a TV miniseries featuring Cinderella as a major grapheme.
• Once Upon a Time (2011), features Cinderella as a recurring character, played by Jessy Schram who made a deal with Rumplestiltskin who killed her fairy godmother correct in forepart of her. In 2016, more of the story is shown in which Ashley, Cinderella's real-earth counterpart, discovers her stepsister wanted to marry the footman rather than the prince. A different Cinderella in season vii, played by Dania Ramirez, went to the ball to kill the prince, not meet him.

Television set parodies and modernizations

• The story was retold as role of the episode "Grimm Task" of the American animated Television series Family Guy (season 12, episode 10), with Lois every bit Cinderella, Peter equally Prince Charming, Mayor West equally the fairy godmother, Lois's mother every bit the wicked step-mother, and 1000000 and Stewie as the step-sisters.
• Rags (2012), a TV musical gender switched inversion of the Cinderella story that stars Keke Palmer and Max Schneider.
• Sesame Street special "Cinderelmo" and the Magic Adventures of Mumfie episode "Scarecrowella" both feature a male person protagonist playing the Cinderella part.

Books [edit]

• Cinderella (1697), Charles Perrault
• Cinderella (1919), Charles S. Evans and illustrated past Arthur Rackham
• Ella Enchanted (1997), by Gail Carson Levine
• Raisel's Riddle (1999), Erica Silverman and illustrated by Susan Gaber
• Confessions of an Ugly Stepsister (1999), by Gregory Maguire
• Adelita: A Mexican Cinderella Story (2004), Tomie dePaola
• "Princess of Glass" (2010) by Jessica Mean solar day George is loosely based on the fairytale.
• Cinder (2012) by Marissa Meyer, a sci-fi retelling of the classic story
• The Stepsister's Tale (2014) by Tracy Barrett
• Geekerella (2017) past Ashley Poston
• Stepsister (2019) past Jennifer Donnelly
• So This Is Dear: A Twisted Tale (2020) by Elizabeth Lim
• Cinderella is Dead (2020), by Kalynn Bayron

Video games [edit]

• Yakuza 0, referenced in Goro Majima's song 24-Hr Cinderella.
• Persona 5 Royal, where Kasumi's Persona is based on Cinderella and named after her French translation, Cendrillon.

See too [edit]

• Rhodopis
• Eteriani
• Cinderella complex
• Cinderella upshot
• Wedlock plot
• Ye Xian

Footnotes [edit]

1. ^ There were three pharoahs called Psammetichus, and it unclear which one Aelian had in listen.
2. ^ Glass Slippers, —An article hitherto only used to adorn the human foot of Cinderella in a fairy tale, may now be seen in that extensive repository of discoveries and improvements, the Polytechnic Establishment, Regent-street. We insinuate to a very curious pair of ladies' dress-shoes, made from drinking glass, not less flexible than leather or satin, as lite, and far more durable, to judge from the solidity of their texture.^[49]

References [edit]

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Amelia Carruthers (24 September 2015). Cinderella – And Other Girls Who Lost Their Slippers (Origins of Fairy Tales). ISBN9781473370111.
2. ^ (Italian: Cenerentola; French: Cendrillon; German: Aschenputtel)
3. ^ ^{a b} Zipes, Jack (2001). The Not bad Fairy Tale: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm. Due west. W. Norton & Co. p. 444. ISBN978-0-393-97636-6.
4. ^ ^{a b} Dundes, Alan. Cinderella, a Casebook. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.
5. ^ ^{a b} Roger Lancelyn Greenish: Tales of Aboriginal Egypt, Penguin UK, 2011, ISBN 978-0-14-133822-iv, chapter "The Land of Egypt"
6. ^ ^{a b} Bottigheimer, Ruth. (2008). "Before Contes du temps passe (1697): Charles Perrault's Griselidis, Souhaits and Peau". The Romantic Review, Volume 99, Number 3. pp. 175–89
7. ^ Hansen, William (2017). The Volume of Greek & Roman Folktales, Legends & Myths. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 86–87. ISBN9780691170152.
8. ^ Strabo: "The Geography", book 17, 33
9. ^ Aelian: "Various History", book 13, chapter 33
10. ^ ^{a b c d e f chiliad h i j k fifty grand n o p q r s} Anderson, Graham (2000). Fairytale in the Ancient World. New York City and London, England: Routledge. ISBN978-0-415-23702-4.
11. ^ Herodot, "The Histories", book 2, chapters 134–135
12. ^ Grimm, Jacob & Grimm, Wilhelm; Taylor, Edgar; Cruikshank, George (illustrator). Grimm's Goblins: Grimm'southward Household Stories. London: R. Meek & Co.. 1877. p. 294.
13. ^ Baring-Gould, Sabine. A Book of Fairy Tales. [2d ed.] London: Methuen. 1895. pp. 237–238.
14. ^ Ben-Amos, D. "Straparola: The Revolution That Was Not". In: The Journal of American Folklore. Vol. 123. No. 490 (Autumn 2010). pp. 439–440. JSTOR [1]
15. ^ Anderson, Graham. Fairytale in the Aboriginal Globe. Routledge. 2000. pp. 29–33. ISBN 0-203-18007-0
16. ^ "Multiple Births in Fable and Folklore". www.pitt.edu . Retrieved xv Jan 2018.
17. ^ "Ċiklemfusa" (PDF). Rakkonti . Retrieved 23 May 2020.
18. ^ "Ċiklemfusa". Filmat mill-Aġenzija tal-Litteriżmu. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
19. ^ https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/44340/ane/Book_review_The_Maltese_Cindirella_and_the_Women%E2%80%99s_Storytelling_Tradition_2019.pdf^{[ blank URL PDF ]}
20. ^ ^{a b c d} Beauchamp, Fay. "Asian Origins of Cinderella: The Zhuang Storyteller of Guangxi" (PDF). Oral Tradition. 25 (2): 447–496. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
21. ^ Ko, Dorothy (2002). Every Step a Lotus: Shoes for Bound Feet. Academy of California Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN978-0520232839.
22. ^ "A Cinderella Tale from Vietnam: the Story of Tam and Cam". www.furorteutonicus.eu . Retrieved 10 September 2017.
23. ^ Leclère, Adhémard; Feer, Léon. Cambodge: Contes et légendes. Librairie Émile Bouillon. 1895. pp. 70–90.
24. ^ Leclère, Adhémard; Feer, Léon. Cambodge: Contes et légendes. Librairie Émile Bouillon. 1895. p. 91.
25. ^ Leclère, Adhémerd. "Le Conte de Cendrillion chez les Cham". In: Revue de Traditions Populaires. Jun/1898. pp. 311–337.
26. ^ Mayer, Fanny Hagin. "Reviewed Work: 越後のシンデレラ by 水沢謙一" [Echigo no Shinderera by Kenichi Mizusawa]. In: Asian Folklore Studies 24, no. 1 (1965): 151-153. Accessed July 25, 2021. doi:ten.2307/1177604.
27. ^ Ulrich Marzolph, Richard van Leeuwen, Hassan Wassouf (2004). The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 4. ISBN1-57607-204-5.
28. ^ Basile, Giambattista (1911). Stories from Pentamerone, London: Macmillan & Co., translated by John Edward Taylor. Affiliate 6. See also "Il Pentamerone: Cenerentola" Archived 23 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine
29. ^ A mod edition of the original French text by Perrault is constitute in Charles Perrault, Contes, ed. Marc Soriano (Paris: Flammarion, 1989), pp. 274–79.
30. ^ The annotated classic fairy tales. Tatar, Maria, 1945– (1st ed.). New York: Norton. 2002. ISBN0393051633. OCLC 49894271. {{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
31. ^ ^{a b} "Perrault: Cinderella; or, The Lilliputian Glass Slipper". Pitt.edu. 8 October 2003. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
32. ^ Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm; Zipes, Jack; Deszö, Andrea. "CINDERELLA". In: The Original Folk and Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm: The Complete First Edition. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2014. pp. 69–77. Accessed 29 Apr 2021. http://world wide web.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wq18v.28.
33. ^ Instead of a helpless and sweetness kitchen-maid, it's clear that Aschenputtel, with her ability to summon birds as their mistress (they are basically her soldiers), the powerful chants that could grant her anything she wished for, and the power to make herself invisible, is actually a very powerful witch.
34. ^ Aschenputtel, included in Household Stories past the Brothers Grimm, translated by Lucy Crane, at Project Gutenberg
35. ^ "If The Shoe Fits: Folklorists' criteria for #510"
36. ^ Jacobs, Joseph (1916). Europa'southward Fairy Book. Thou. P. Putnam's sons.
37. ^ Heidi Anne Heiner, "Tales Similar to Cinderella"
38. ^ Garner, Emelyn Elizabeth. Folklore From the Schoharie Hills, New York. Ann Arbor: Academy of Michigan printing, 1937. p. 130.
39. ^ Kaplanoglou, Marianthi. ""Stachtopouta" and "Nifitsa": Spinning Tales in Relation With Feminine Productivity and Dowry Practices of Modern Greece". In: Estudis De Literatura Oral Pop [Studies in Oral Folk Literature]. [en línia], 2014, Núm. iv, pp. 67, 69. https://www.raco.cat/alphabetize.php/ELOP/article/view/304851 [Consulta: Consulta: 13 March 2021].
40. ^ Schmidt, Sigrid. "Reviewed Work: The Earth and the Word past Nongenile Masithathu Zenani, Harold Scheub". In: Anthropos 90, no. 1/3 (1995): 312. Accessed 18 Apr 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40463177.
41. ^ Skabeikytė-Kazlauskienė, Gražina. Lithuanian Narrative Sociology: Didactical Guidelines. Kaunas: Vytautas Magnus University. 2013. p. 14. ISBN 978-9955-21-361-1.
42. ^ Pitrè, Giuseppe; Zipes, Jack David; Russo, Joseph. The nerveless Sicilian folk and fairy tales of Giuseppe Pitrè. New York: Routledge, 2013 [2009]. p. 845. ISBN 9781136094347.
43. ^ Heidi Anne Heiner, "Tales Similar to Donkeyskin"
44. ^ "Katie Woodencloak (Norwegian Version of Cinderella)". 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016.
45. ^ Marina Warner, From the Animate being to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales And Their Tellers, p 213-4 ISBN 0-374-15901-7
46. ^ Jane Yolen, p 23, Touch Magic ISBN 0-87483-591-seven
47. ^ Maria Tatar, The Annotated Brothers Grimm, p 116 W. W. Norton & company, London, New York, 2004 ISBN 0-393-05848-4
48. ^ Maria Tatar, p 28, The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales, ISBN 0-393-05163-iii
49. ^ "Glass Slippers". Bell'due south Weekly Messenger. 25 November 1838. p. 4.
50. ^ Pnin, chapter half-dozen
51. ^ Maria Tatar, The Annotated Brothers Grimm, p 126-8 W. Due west. Norton & company, London, New York, 2004 ISBN 0-393-05848-4
52. ^ The National Folk Museum of Korea (Republic of korea). Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Literature: Encyclopedia of Korean Folklore and Traditional Culture Vol. III. 길잡이미디어, 2014. p. 311.
53. ^ Mardrus, Joseph-Charles; Powys Mathers (June 1987). The book of the 1000 Nights and One Night. Vol. 4. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 191–194. ISBN0-415-04543-6.
54. ^ "Josef Bayer (1852–1913)". world wide web.johann-strauss.org.britain. The Johann Strauss Society of Great U.k.. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
55. ^ Cinderella, a full-length opera by Alma Deutscher. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
56. ^ ^{a b c d} Clinton-Baddeley, Five. C. (1963). Some Pantomime Pedigrees. The Society for Theatrical Research. pp. nine–11.
57. ^ Freyberger, Regina (2009). Märchenbilder—Bildermärchen. Athena. p. 453. ISBN9783898963503.
58. ^ Merrill, Russell; Kaufmann, J. B. (2007). Walt Disney'due south Giddy Symphonies: A Companion to the Archetype Cartoon Serial. Indiana Academy Press. ISBN978-8886155274.
59. ^ ^{a b} "Fairy Tale Flappers: Animated Adaptations of Fiddling Red and Cinderella (1922–1925)". governmentcheese.ca.
60. ^ ^{a b} "Nicky Nome Rides Once again |". cartoonresearch.com.
61. ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 23 September 2013.
62. ^ "Three wishes for Cinderella (1973)". Imdb.com.
63. ^ Rani Aur Lalpari. iTunes.
64. ^ Nicholls, George; La Badie, Florence (1911), Cinderella, OCLC 422761848, retrieved 25 May 2020

Further reading [edit]

• Bascom, William. "Cinderella in Africa". In: Journal of the Folklore Institute 9, no. one (1972): 54-lxx. Accessed July 12, 2021. doi:10.2307/3814022.
• Chen, Fan Pen Li. "Three Cinderella Tales from the Mountains of Southwest Mainland china." Journal of Sociology Enquiry 57, no. 2 (2020): 119–52. Accessed 17 November 2020. doi:10.2979/jfolkrese.57.2.04.
• Christiansen, Reidar Th. "Cinderella in Republic of ireland". In: Béaloideas 20, no. ane/2 (1950): 96–107. Accessed seven May 2021. doi:10.2307/20521197.
• Ding Naitong (1974). The Cinderella cycle in China and Indo-Mainland china. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. ISBN951-41-0121-9.
• Gardner, Fletcher, and W. W. Newell. "Filipino (Tagalog) Versions of Cinderella." The Journal of American Sociology nineteen, no. 75 (1906): 265–80. Accessed 5 July 2020. doi:10.2307/534434.
• Jonathan Y. H. Hui (2018) "Cinderella in Former Norse Literature". In: Folklore, 129:four, pp. 353–374. doi:x.1080/0015587X.2018.1515207.
• Labelle, Ronald. (2017). "Le conte de Cendrillon: de la Chine à fifty'Acadie sur les ailes de la tradition". In: Rabaska xv: 7–28.
• Mulhern, Chieko Irie. "Cinderella and the Jesuits. An Otogizōshi Cycle every bit Christian Literature". In: Monumenta Nipponica 34, no. 4 (1979): 409-47. Accessed June 25, 2021. doi:x.2307/2384103.
• Mulhern, Chieko Irie. "Assay of Cinderella Motifs, Italian and Japanese". In: Asian Sociology Studies 44, no. ane (1985): 1-37. Accessed June 25, 2021. doi:10.2307/1177981.
• Tangherlini, Timothy. (1994). "Cinderella in Korea: Korean Oikotypes of AaTh 510". In: Fabula. 35: 282–304. doi:10.1515/fabl.1994.35.3-iv.282.
• Albano Maria Luisa (a cura). Cenerentole in viaggio. Illustrazione di Marcella Brancaforte. Falzea Editore, Reggio Calabria, 2008.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cinderella.

• The complete prepare of Grimms' Fairy Tales, including Cinderella at Standard Ebooks
• Project Gutenberg compilation, including original Cendrillon
• Photos and illustrations from early on Cinderella stage versions, including one with Ellaline Terriss and one with Phyllis Dare
• Parallel German-English text of brothers Grimm'southward version in ParallelBook format
• The Cinderella Bibliography by the University of Rochester
• Folktales of ATU type 510A, "The Persecuted Heroine: Cinderella" past D. L. Ashliman

newmancusid1996.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinderella

Share this post